Sporadic-E & Spread-F

Sporadic-E

The links below provide information about Sporadic-E, and Spread-F.

Spread-F

 
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• 144MHz sporadic-E from 2001
• Live Sporadic-E Map, Europe and Transatlantic (>30MHz> from G7IZU
• VHF Sporadic-E 2001-5
• Sporadic-e clouds in Europe and North America
• Sporadic-e Propagation at VHF
• Sporadic-E Skip
• WRPM Sporadic-e Model Development (10-page PDF/697KB) from Ofcom

• Radio Propagation at High Latitudes
• P.Bencze et al: Behaviour of the F1 Region and Es and Spread-F at European middle latitudes
• Gravity wave initiation of equatorial spread F/plasma bubble irregularities based on observational data from the SpreadFEx campaign